The Roots And Stylistic Foundations Of The Rap Music...

Cheryl L. Keyes’ â€Å"The Roots and Stylistic Foundations of the Rap Music Tradition† 1. Keyes points out that rap music derives from what she refers to as the â€Å"West African bardic tradition.† What is this tradition? What is the role of the griot in this tradition? What parallels do you see between the groit and a hip hop MC (the rapper, often the main writer of lyrics for a group)? The West African bardic tradition refers to the passing on of empirical knowledge from elders, known as griot, via a media of rapping, which occurs as a tradition where â€Å"the grandfather...bring[s] all the immediate children around him to rap.† This tradition is the expression of historical culture and lessons via a media of poetry, rhythm, and music. The role of†¦show more content†¦In regards to its influence, the prevalence of the chaos and gangsta-driven era, though being a factor that led to the popularity of gangsta rap, also played a role in supporting and contributing to the recurrences and prolonged period of gangster-driven supremacy. Tricia Rose’s â€Å"Rap Music† 2. Rose argues that women â€Å"are not major players in the use of sampling technology nor have they made a significant impact in rap production.† List some reasons why Rose makes this claim. Does Rose provide evidence that counters or complicates her argument? In other words, how have women been, despite being clearly marginalized, essential to the development and production of hip-hop. As Rose notes, â€Å"women have been virtually absent from the area of music production† and were â€Å"often actively discouraged from learning about and using mechanical equipment† due to a variety of reasons. â€Å"this takes place informally in socialization and formally in gender-segregated vocational tracking in public school curriculum. Given rap music’s early reliance on stereo equipment, participating in rap music production requires mechanical and technical skills that women are much less likely to have developed.† Rose also notes that since many needed access to equipment, such as how Red Alert’s success was widely due to his access to his neighbour, Otis, and thus stereo equipment was readily accessible to him–for social, sexual, and cultural reasons young women would beShow MoreRelatedRoots of Hip Hop968 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ã‚   â€Å"The Roots and Stylistic Foundations of the Rap Music and Tradition†    Hip-Hop as well as many other artistic cultural forms we practice today can be related back to African culture and various traditions. Author of  The Roots and Stylistic Foundations of the Rap Music and Tradition,  Cheryl Keyes, discuss’ the spirit, style, tradition, emotions, culture and the delivery of music. Keyes says that many of these practices can be traced back to the West Afrikan Bardic Tradition in particular. WhenRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 PagesDiscontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication thatspeaks directly to society as a cultural form, and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences (King 19). Music is so influential because it communicates on three different levels: the physical, emotional, and cognitive. Not only does it operate in a nondiscursive way, byRead MoreHeavy Metal Music7270 Words   |  30 PagesHEAVY METAL MUSIC WHAT IS HEAVY METAL MUSIC? Heavy metal  (often referred to simply as  metal) is a genre of  rock music  that developed in between 1968 and 1974 , largely in the United Kingdom and the United States.With roots inblues-rock  and  psychedelic rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified  distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are generally associatedRead MoreDub Poetry in and from Jamaica9895 Words   |  40 PagesTable of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 History and Development of Dub Poetry 3 2.1 The Development of Jamaican Creole – Short Overview 3 2.2 The Oral Tradition 4 2.3 From the B-side of a Record via â€Å"Toasting† to Dub Poetry 6 3 The Correlation of the Rastafarians, Reggae and Dub 9 3.1 The Rastafarians 9 3.2 The Peculiarity of Dub 10 3.3 Artists and Scenes 12 3.3.1 The Jamaican Scene 12 3.3.2 The British Scene 13 3.3.3 The Canadian Scene 14 4. Structural Characteristics of Dub Poetry 15 4.1 Patois –Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesEmpowering and Delegating Effective Empowerment and Delegation 440 Personal Empowerment Assessment 441 SKILL LEARNING 443 Empowering and Delegating 443 A Management Dilemma Involving Empowerment The Dirty Dozen 444 The Meaning of Empowerment 445 Historical Roots of Empowerment 446 Dimensions of Empowerment 447 Self-Efficacy 447 Self-Determination 448 Personal Consequence 449 Meaning 449 Trust 450 Review of Empowerment Dimensions 451 How to Develop Empowerment 451 Articulating a Clear Vision and Goals 452 Fostering

The Effects Of Violence On Young Children - 981 Words

Children throughout America spend countless hours on the media, such as watching television, playing video games, or listening to music. Most media in the world today contains immeasurable images of violence, and average total media use of children throughout the United States is nearly 8 hours per day (Bushman Anderson, 2001). This means that through this constant access to the media, young children are exposing themselves to countless images of graphic violence. This is a serious issue, as young children are greatly influenced by what takes place in the world around them, effecting their development and ultimately their behavior. Therefore, there is significant research that demonstrates some negative effects of young children’s overexposure to violence in the media, as it sometimes leads to desensitization and an increase in short-term aggressive behavior. One of the reasons for the concern of the effects of violence in the media on young children is due to the fact that the early years of life are a crucial time in brain development (Mwema, 2011). According to Mwema, during this time in the development of young children, they often learn by imitating behavior, and therefore â€Å"visual media can both educate and misinform children† (Mwema, 2011). This is because although most adults realize that media violence is fabricated; children are much more vulnerable, as younger children cannot distinguish the difference between reality and fantasy (Muscari, 2002). Children agedShow MoreRelatedHow the Media, Violence, and Advertising Effects the Minds of Young Children and Adults1036 Words   |  5 PagesHow the Media, Violence, and Advertising Effects the Minds of Young Children and Adults Media, it’s everywhere you go, and plays a major role in our everyday lives. It’s the largest source of entertainment and the most powerful and influential invention in the twentieth century. The amount of violence and advertising seen in the media has posed a lot of controversy, and many studies have made clear that the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in our world we live today. Many of ourRead MoreChildren And Effects Of Domestic Violence1612 Words   |  7 PagesCHILDREN AND THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Children and the Effects of Domestic Violence in the Home Domestic violence is any behavior of physical, sexual, emotional, or physiological acts or threats that intimidate a person or partner by trying to control or maintain power. Unfortunately, many children experience these harmful acts in the home between family members, all of different ages, ethnicities, and statuses. When thinking about a safe and healthy childhood and environment, what comesRead MoreEng 1011630 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in Music Videos and Music Lyrics has a negative impact on children. Music videos that expose profanity and sexuality are inappropriate and leave a negative impression on young children. Violence in music videos can cause health problem. Music videos that promote negative lyrics are affecting young children. Music lyrics with vulgar languages affect the development and well-being of young children. For example, the study author (Stone, 2009) found â€Å"that music with explicit referencesRead MoreEssay Television and Media - TV Viol ence is Ruining Children842 Words   |  4 PagesTV Violence is Ruining Children    A young child sits in front of a television watching cartoons while his mother runs around the house doing various chores.   The mother passes the room the child is in and glances at the television each time she passes.   The child is watching Sesame Street.   Then, a half an hour later, Mr. Rogers is on. The mother walks into the room a half an hour later and stops in horror at what is on the television.   Her young son is watching the same station as beforeRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 Pagesdomestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on children and showRead MoreTV To Blame For Rising Violence Essay examples932 Words   |  4 PagesTV to blame for rising violence, says police chief an article taken from the Times on 28th June 2002. The article describes how the content of what young people are watching of television is responsible for rises in criminal behaviours amongst young people. One assumption is that young people are susceptible to the influence of television. In the article Matthew Baggott, the deputy chief constable states of young people, `They are very vulnerable to the influences of the media. nbsp;ThisRead MoreTelevised Violence causes Aggression in Young Boys1555 Words   |  7 PagesTelevised Violence causes Aggression in Young Boys Young boys are evidently influenced by things in their environment such as media, peers, and family. Elementary school aged boys are influenced easily because these are critical years in developing their sense of individuality and social skills with their peers. The vulnerably of young boys are a reason why they are a target of the popular culture of displaying television violence because they have rarely encountered it in previous years so theyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse896 Words   |  4 Pageshis/her home at a young age? Introduction: What is domestic violence? â€Å"Domestic Violence is a pattern of behaviors used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often inclosing the threat or use of violence†(Safe Horizon, 2015). Domestic violence includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exploitation; therefore, this is in relation to â€Å"intimate partner violence, battering, relationship abuse, spousal abuse, or family violence† (Safe HorizonRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children901 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative or positive effect on kids. On the one hand, some people argue that they enjoy expressing built up anger and emotions through reading comic books. On the other hand, violent media can effect young children and have them think it’s okay to be violent in real life. My own view is violent media does cause kids to have a mindset that killing or violent actions are okay to do. Violent media is everywhere in this generation of technology. The violent med wouldn’t effect children if some regulationsRead More Impact of War and Violence on Children in A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah1462 Words   |  6 PagesChildren exposed to violence within their communities are left with emotions of hopelessness, insecurity, and doubt. Historical events such as the war on terrorism, wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the tragic events of September 11th have had a detrimental effect on the entire nation, including the children. Although every child is not directly affected by the aspects of war, it somehow has an emotional effect on all. The involvement of a nation with war affects every individual differently, whether

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 31 Free Essays

Cadotte drove my car. I kept having visions of being stopped by one of my co-workers and trying to explain why the driver was naked and I was near enough. I wore a long T-shirt that just covered my cheeks, but no underwear. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 31 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If someone saw me like this I’d never live it down. But he was a careful driver, and we reached the end of the dirt trail that led to his cabin without incident. He parked my car next to his, a Jeep, and we set off toward the house. I’d never been inside his place, only looked in the front window like a voyeur. I’d forgotten that occasion until I followed him inside and got another scare from the wolf hanging in the hall. â€Å"What’s with that?† I asked. He didn’t seem like the kind of guy who’d display dead things on the wall. â€Å"Gift from a friend.† Now that I could see more closely, the wolf’s head was a hat and the skin a cape. I’d seen pictures of men wearing them at powwows and such. People wore all sorts of interesting things when they danced in ceremonies. â€Å"Do you use this?† I asked, thinking it must have something to do with the wolf clan. â€Å"No. That’s a Plains tribe affectation. The Navajo believe a witch becomes a werewolf by donning a wolf skin.† Cadotte nodded toward the one on his wall. â€Å"Like this.† â€Å"Believe? As in present tense?† â€Å"Yes. Or at least some of them do.† â€Å"Like your friend?† â€Å"Maybe.† â€Å"What about you?† â€Å"I believe in werewolves. But I’ve tried on that skin and I was still me – wearing the head of a wolf.† He continued into the main part of the house, leaving me to stand alone in the haB or join him. Since the wolf skin creeped me out more than it should, I hurried after. Cadotte wasn’t in the living room. Or the kitchen, which I could see from where I stood. The place was cleaner than I’d expect for a guy who lived alone, but not neat by any means. Papers and books were strewn over every fiat surface, and the paraphernalia of life was stacked in the corners and behind the furniture. I let my gaze wander over his stuff, then around the room. Wood shutters graced every window. Huh. I’d seen storm shutters attached to the outside of a cabin. I wondered why he had them on the inside, too. Must be better insulation. A door to the left stood open, so I went in. He was already in bed. I raised a brow. â€Å"In a hurry?† â€Å"I thought you were tired.† Seeing him there with the sheet pooled at his hips, chest all bare and beautiful, I wasn’t so tired anymore. I dropped my bag, lost the shirt, and crawled in beside him. But when I ran my hand up his thigh, he put his over mine. â€Å"I promised we’d sleep.† â€Å"I didn’t.† He tugged my head onto his shoulder. â€Å"Rest, honey. Let me hold you awhile.† I jolted at the endearment. â€Å"You know, if any other guy called me ‘ honey,’he’d be having his teeth for lunch.† â€Å"I guess I’m not just any guy.† â€Å"I guess you’re not.† His lips brushed my hair. â€Å"That might be the nicest thing you’ve ever said to me.† â€Å"Don’t let it go to your head.† â€Å"I won’t.† Fingertips trailed along my spine, gentle, light, a relaxing touch that made my eyes drift closed. But I didn’t fall asleep. There was something I had to ask. â€Å"The night we met, you had a bruise on your hip.† â€Å"I get a lot of bruises.† â€Å"You do? Why?† â€Å"I’m kind of a klutz, or I used to be. Which is why I started practicing martial arts. It helped my balance. I don’t stumble over my own feet nearly as much as I used to.† A good excuse, but he still hadn’t answered my question. I asked him again. â€Å"Why don’t you tell me where you think the bruise came from?† When I tried to articulate my doubts, I found I couldn’t put anything so silly into words. So I didn’t. However, Cadotte had no such compunctions. â€Å"You think I got hit by a car while in wolf form, and by the time you saw me I had a bruise.† I started, colored, shrugged. â€Å"Well, the bruise was gone by the first time we†¦ you know.† â€Å"Made love?† I winced. I hated that term. Love was a foreign emotion to me. I wasn’t exactly sure what it meant. My father hadn’t loved me, obviously. My mother had an odd way of showing it. I’d never loved a man and a man had never loved me. Maybe what I felt for Zee was love – maybe. â€Å"Whatever,† I muttered. â€Å"I heal quickly. Always have. Healthy lifestyle. And some Ojibwe medicine.† â€Å"What kind of medicine?† â€Å"My grandmother was a member of the Midewiwin.† I frowned and he quickly clarified. â€Å"The Grand Medicine Society. She was what people refer to as a medicine woman. She used natural remedies – herbs, bark, eye of newt.† He winked. â€Å"She knew the old ways, and she taught them to me.† â€Å"Knew?† â€Å"She died of pneumonia when I was ten. Some things can’t be cured.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"So was I.† My hand rested on his chest. His heart beat steadily beneath my palm. The room was quiet and I drifted toward sleep. â€Å"Why do you think so little of yourself?† he asked. â€Å"What?† I struggled to follow the sudden change in subject. â€Å"I don’t.† â€Å"Right. That’s why you’re so worried about what people will say. Beauty and the Beast, but I get to be the beauty. There’s a switch.† â€Å"I know who I am. I have my strengths. Being a girl isn’t one of them.† His free hand slid over my hip, cupped my butt. â€Å"I think you’re wrong. You make a very nice girl.† â€Å"You would say that.† â€Å"Yes, I would, because I think you’re beautiful.† â€Å"You’re slow and blind.† â€Å"Don’t be sarcastic.† â€Å"But I’m so good at it.† â€Å"You are. That’s true.† He kissed me on the head again. â€Å"Don’t tell me you aren’t beautiful. I know that you are.† I shifted, squirmed. Talk like this made me more uncomfortable than facing a drunk with a broken bottle. I knew what to do about that. But compliments? I wanted to run, hide, never come back. Because if I believed them, I’d only be hurt more when I discovered he’d lied. But why would he lie? I couldn’t quite figure that out. Yet. As if he knew what I was thinking, Cadotte tugged me closer. â€Å"You’re special to me, Jessie. Don’t run away before we figure out what that means, okay?† â€Å"Okay,† I said, before I could stop myself. â€Å"So when did my werewolf delusion become yours, too?† I hesitated. Should I tell him, or shouldn’t I? I wanted to tell someone and why not Cadotte? I knew he wouldn’t laugh at me. Much. I told him everything. I couldn’t shut up. About Man-denauer and his secret society. About the wolves I’d seen. Tina. The cave. The man-wolf shape on the wall. He listened. Not once did he interrupt. At certain points in the story, I’d hear his heart speed up – but then so did mine. Other times he’d tense, then relax. When I was done, silence fell over the room. It went on too long and I lifted my head, turned to look into his face. I stiffened, half-expecting him, despite his belief in all things woo-woo, to be staring at me as if I’d lost my mind. Hearing the story out loud had made me wonder again myself. But his expression was thoughtful, considering. He peered across the room. â€Å"What?† I asked. He jumped, glanced down at me, smiled, but the smile was distracted – not the smile I was beginning to adore. â€Å"Quite a story,† he murmured. â€Å"What do you think?† â€Å"I think the government always knows a helluva lot more than they’re letting on.† â€Å"Gee, what a surprise.† He laughed. â€Å"That’s my girl. I’ll have you seeing conspiracies around every corner soon enough.† â€Å"I already do,† I muttered. â€Å"Mmm.† He’d gone off again, thinking. I’d never dated a brain-iac professor before. I suspected he went off like that a lot. â€Å"Do you know Tina?† I asked. â€Å"Tina?† â€Å"The missing girl?† â€Å"I’m sure I do. But I can’t place her right now.† â€Å"Neither can anyone else.† â€Å"I thought she was ashes to ashes.† â€Å"Maybe. Don’t you think it’s weird that she was in your class?† â€Å"Not really. We’ve established that someone is trying to raise a wolf god. That’s an Ojibwe ceremony. If this Tina was one of them, it made sense for her to be in my class.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Maybe she was trying to discover something obscure that would help her leader.† I frowned. â€Å"Did you ever get that book you ordered?† â€Å"Huh? Ah, no. Not yet.† He went back to staring. I cuddled closer and the beat of his heart beneath my cheek, along with the sure, steady stir of his breath against my hair, relaxed me. Combined with very little sleep and a whole lot of stress, I was out in thirty seconds. I awoke to the sun slanting through the windows at an angle that signified early evening. Cadotte was still asleep beside me. I had to go to work, but I needed my clothes. Slipping out of bed, I watched his face. He really was too pretty for me. Strangely, I was starting to like it. He never moved, even when I kissed him on the brow. I tiptoed into the living room, stopped to get a drink of water in the kitchen – and found it. At first I thought he’d left notes scattered across the counter. I was even smiling at his absentmindedness as I drank from a Flintstone jelly glass. Then my own handwriting caught my eye. The words registered in my brain a second later. I nearly dropped the glass, which would have been a shame – the thing was damn near an antique. I snatched the papers. One was the receipt I’d had Cadotte sign for the totem; the other was the crumpled, torn page of the evidence log. And beneath them both was the bag of fiberglass and plastic that I’d swept off the pavement after Karen Larson’s accident. What was the missing evidence doing in Cadotte’s kitchen? I had no idea. But before I beat it out of him, I was going to find out what else he was hiding around here that I wanted to know about. I didn’t have far to go. Spread across his coffee table were books and notes. All of them related to Miniwa’s little problem. He’d been very helpful, highlighting the pertinent passages. One book in particular – Legends of the Ojibwe – was fascinating. Was this the book he’d been waiting for? The one he’d told me hadn’t arrived? From the amount and nature of information highlighted I suspected this was the case. I swallowed the thickness at the back of my throat that tasted too much like tears. I did not cry over men. Hell, I didn’t cry over anything. I glanced at the bright and shiny yellow highlighting, which swam before my eyes. I closed them tight, gritted my teeth, and when I looked again the words were all too clear. The ceremony must take place beneath a blue moon. Which, by my calculations, was tomorrow night. I felt as if time were rushing past, pulling all of us inexorably toward that second full moon. I forced my attention back to the book. The way must be paved by a werewolf army. â€Å"Yada, yada, yada,† I murmured. â€Å"Been there, know that.† I turned the page. A jagged edge was all that was left. Will, or someone else, had torn out the rest of the information. That couldn’t be good. I found nothing more of interest in the book, so I went through Cadotte’s papers again. I didn’t find the missing page, but I did discover one tidbit. A wolf totem with the markings of the Matchi-auwishuk was needed to complete the ceremony. Sadly, his notes didn’t say how. I put everything back where I’d found it; then I snuck out of Cadotte’s house and went searching for Manden-auer. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 31, Essay examples

Financial Reporting Local Authorities

Question: Describe about the Financial Reporting for Local Authorities. Answer: Introduction In global scenario it is important to make some common standards for financial accounting and to measure the performance of the entities. So, IASB has issued the IFRS to report the financial transactions in proper so that proper accounting can be presented in the financial statements. IFRS sets the guidelines for the conceptual framework to be followed all the entities. Firstly it is applicable on multinational companies but now it is applicable on all entities including local authorities. In this report various issues will be discussed on the matter related to implication of IFRS on local authorities. Apart of it various other issues will be discussed related to fair value accounting and presentation of financial statements. 1: Contemporary Issues of Accounting Theory Essay Overview of Current Discussion Fair Value Measurement The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have undertaken a joint project for fair value measurement. The project provided the guidelines for stating the disclosure requirements as per the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Fair value is regarded as the price received for selling an asset or paid for transferring a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants. The main aim of the project is to attain convergence regarding the fair value measures. The new disclosure requirements are meant for providing guidance to the businesses on the use of fair value accounting at the time of developing their financial statements as per the IFRSs standards or USGAAP (Fair Value Issues among Auditors, 2016). The current issues regarding the fair value measurement is to improve consistency and uniformity in measuring fair value across IFRSs. The convergence between IASB and FASB is done to overcome the uncertainty across the financial reporting standards for assessing fair value of an asset. This will help in overcoming the challenges that auditors face at the time of measuring an asset fair value. Balance sheets of businesses nowadays commonly include valuation estimates that are very difficult to be comprehended by the accountants, auditors and investors. This project will bring consistency in fair value measurement through establishing new accounting standards in relation with derivatives, consolidations, revenue realisation and other issues. This project will increase the use of fair value measurements across the different countries leading to significantly rise in the need of professionals for fair value issues (Fair Value MeasurementJoint Project of the IASB and FASB, 2016). Financial statement presentation The IASB and FASB have also undertaken a project for guiding the organisations for presenting the information in the financial statements. The current issue regarding the presentation of financial information is to reduce complexity regarding the communication of financial information to the stakeholders. The main goal is to improve the usefulness of information presented by the business entities in presentation of financial information. This will help the investors and financial analysts in decision-making process regarding their investment in the company as capital providers (FASB, 2016). The project of IASB and FASB aims to present financial information in the statements in a manner so that it is able to give an estimate regarding the future cash flows of the business firms. In addition to this, the information presented in the financial statements should provide a complete overview regarding the financial stability of a business entity. These two principles are regarded as disagg regation and cohesiveness principles that aim at making the information presented in the financial statements easily understandable. The FASB and IASB have undertaken a project known as Financial Statements Presentation (FSP) project for improving the communication of financial information to all the businesses stakeholders. The project is meant to provide guidance to the business entities regarding the information to be presented to the stakeholders. This will directly affect the management of businesses by properly disclosing all the material facts and information to the internal as well as external stakeholders (FASB, 2016). Rationale for current discussion According to the views of Leonard (2010), the current discussion regarding fair value measurement relates to implementing the fundamental changes in the manner through which fair value is applied across IFRSs. The concept of fair value was previously taken to be current market value as per the IASB definition. However, the concept pose large problems to the auditors in realizing the fair value of an asset as it provides a measure of only entry value of an asset and ignores its exit value. The recent changes proposed by the IASB and FASB in regards to fair value measurement emphasizes on the incorporation of exit value of assets. Exit value of an asset indicates the future cash flows and thus fairly represents the capacity of an asset to provide present and future cash flows. The current issues relating to the use of fair value accounting is mainly in response to the credit crunch that has criticized the application of the concept of fair value across business organizations. The criti cisms include misleading of reported losses by the business entities during the period of global financial crisis through the use of fair value measurement concept. The fair values of assets are generally believed to be unreliable and thus often pose a financial risk for the overall financial system. Thus, in order to overcome from all these potential issues regarding the use of fair value accounting the IASB and FASB are undertaking the project for reducing the uncertainty in fair value accounting system. The changes proposed for the integration of exit value in fair value measurement concept will provide complete information about the future cash flows and current risk-adjusted discount rates (Leonard, 2010). As per the views of Epstein, et al (2009) the corporate scandals of Lehman Brothers and other financial institutions at the time of global financial crisis have lead to the emergence of debate regarding the increase in reliability of financial statements. In this context, the present project being undertaken by the IASB and FASB mainly aims to increase the reliability of financial information statements analysis. The aim is to increase the disclosure requirements for reducing the financial risks of the business corporations. This is done to prevent the fraudulent practices used by the business for overstating or understanding the information in their financial statements. The large financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers were reported bankrupt thus causing large losses to the investors. The main cause of the reporting of sudden bankruptcy of the company was use of deceptive accounting practices for presenting false financial information to the external stakeholders. As such, t he IASB and FASB are seeking to expand the disclosure requirements in the financial statements to prevent the occurrence of fraudulent accounting information in the financial statements. The implementation of standard accounting practices across all the countries reporting standards is extremely necessary for overcoming the issues of increasing corporate scandals at a global level due to publishing of false accounting information (Epstein et al., 2009). 2: Case Study Implication of IFRS for Local Authorities Richard Murphy in its famous article IFRS for local authorities: stop this madness now has put the bigger issue at stake for all professionals in field of accounting to think over the concern that implication of IFRS on local authorities is right or wrong. The concern raised by the Richard Murphy is that whether imposing the IFRS on local authorities is the right decision or it is creating a potential weakness at some point (Deloitte, 2013). First of all, it is true that on the part of Mr. Murphy and statement written by him is completely right. Lets discuss what Mr. Murphy has tried to say. According to him international accounting financial standard applies to all the major transactions occur at local authorities but it ignores certain major items such as public funds entrusted and supply of services. Both of these items are the most important management activities of local authorities that must be recorded but as per IFRS they are not required to be measured and recoded in the financial reports. I agree with the statement of Mr. Murphy due to fact that local authorities are small entities and they have rarely any public involvement so it is not required to impose the IFRS implications on such entities. The main aim of IFRS is to present the financial reports to the investors so that they can take investment decision on buy or sell o f the shares. Local authorities have no listing of stock exchange and investors are not generally interested in buying the shares of local authorities. So imposing the application of IFRS on the local authorities makes it difficult for them to maintain the accounts as per international standards (Moore Stephens. IFRS, 2009). Even if IASB has decided to impose the IFRS on the local authorities, than proper care should be taken while making changes in standards so that it is easily applicable to local entities. It has been noted that no changes have been made while application of IFRS has been made mandatory on the local authorities. This has violated the core management activities that local authorities carried out because IFRS lack such standards to measure the core activities in local authorities such as accounting for stewardship of public funds entrusted and supply of services. So it is true in voice of Mr. Murphy that implication of IFRS means potential disaster in our hands. It is true that Australian GAAP supports the accrual accounting and it measures the transactions that happened in prior period items. Financial statements are for stewardship that provides value for money and action over the period of time. On the other hand IFRS is used for measuring the value at given point of time. They are meant for providing an insight view of performance of entities to report to the investors so that they can make their decision on investment in the company. So it can be said that there is no requirement of imposing the application of IFRS on the local authorities. The main reason of imposing the IFRS on the local authorities is to provide benefits to the Big 4 accounting firms (World GAAP Info, 2008). IASB and Big 4 relationship It has been seen so far that there was numerous changes in the accounting standards and manner of financial reporting. IFRS has been introduced by the IASB to change the conceptual framework and various accounting standards have been added to the financial reporting. All these changes have put the burden on the entities to compile with requirements of financial reporting. It is not easy to maintain all the accounts as required in the new financial reporting requirements. All the multinational companies find it difficult to report all the requirement s of financial reporting, so they seek help from the Big 4 accounting firms to handle all the requirements of recording the transactions as well as preparation of financial report (KPMG, 2003). It has been noted that Big 4 accounting firms and IASB both take active participation is making changes in the IFRS as certain changes made in IFRS goes with the major requirements of Big 4 from the IASB. So it can be said that IASB work mainly for Big 4 point view and ignores the actual requirements of the companies who are facing tremendous problems in preparation of annual reports as per the requirement of IFRS. There has numerous reports from various authors that have reported that IASB does not work in public interest and they are giving the advantages to Big 4 accounting firms through introducing the various complications in the financial reporting that would have not required by the public to check the financial performance of company. Authorities/countries that tend to believe that IASB works in public interest through intruding the common accounting framework for all will now paying high fees to the Big 4 accounting firms to complete the procedure of financial reporting or to seek any type of financial help from them (Ernst Young, 2012). There has been recent example to understand the game play by Big 4 accounting firms and IASB. After the financial crisis in year 2008 and 2009, there is requirement by Big 4 accounting firms to make application of IFRS on the local authorities and in year 2010 it has been made compulsory by the IASB to make compliance with the requirements of IFRS for local authorities. It has to noted that there was no such mandatory requirements have to posed on local authorities as there was least public involvement in such entities. It was only done to increase the business area for Big 4 accounting firms. Implementation of IFRS in local authorities of Australia Before making any comment on whether it is advantageous to make implementation of IFRS for local authorities in Australia or not, let discuss some of important pro and cons of implementing IFRS in local authorities. Firstly it is not bad to say that IFRS promises more accurate, timely and proper financial statements that are easy to understand and make analysis on them. It is also true that every entity has its own stakeholders that require information to make the analysis on the performance of entity (IFRS, 2013). On talking about the local authorities it is true that they very less interaction with the public funds and people generally not invested in local authorities. So the point is that for the sake of more understandable financial reporting is it compulsory to make the adoption of IFRS on local authorities. The main advantage of using the IFRS is to satisfy the needs of investors through making the financial reporting common and easy to understand like in same as the professio nal do. Apart of this IFRS helps in standardization of accounting and financial reporting that can be a possible reason for imposing the IFRS on local authorities but it should be understand that IFRS only make the changes in accounting that can be easy to understand at international level but local authorities have no interaction with the public that have interest in the company (KPMG, 2013). Now the major disadvantages of IFRS can be related with cost that the entities have to bear while preparation of financial report and other documents to be deposited with government body. It the light of this disadvantage it must be noted that local authorities find it difficult to bear all the cost that have to paid to the accounting firms performing he work of financial reporting as they earn in limited profits with greater responsibility of families and other familiar works (Ernst Young, 2011). So looking at the consequences and limited advantages of IFRS it is not wise to make mandatory the application of same on the local authorities out there in Australia. It is because these entities serve only a small geographical area and has limited interaction with public. Also the cost related with accounting is so high that it cannot be afforded by such entities. Conclusion IFRS helps in making the accounting and financial reporting easy but they add extra burden on the local authorities and also it ignores major accounting transaction occurred at local authorities. So it can be said that it is not wise to made applicable of IFRS on the local authorities of Australia. References Deloitte. 2013. IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ifrs1 [Accessed on: 29 April 2013]. Epstein, B.J. et al. 2009. Wiley GAAP 2010: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. John Wiley Sons. Ernst Young. 2011. UK GAAP vs. IFRS. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/UK_GAAP_v_IFRS_-_The_basics_-_Spring_2011/$FILE/EY_UK_GAAP_vs_IFRS_-_The%20basics_-_Spring_2011%20.pdf [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. Ernst Young. 2012. International GAAP 2012 - Generally Accepted Accounting Practice Under International Financial Reporting Standards. John Wiley Sons Fair Value Issues Among Auditors. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://mercercapital.com/article/fair-value-issues-among-auditors/ [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. Fair Value MeasurementJoint Project Of The IASB and FASB. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fasb.org/cs/ContentServer?pagename=FASB/FASBContent_C/ProjectUpdatePagecid=1176156576143 [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. FASB. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fasb.org/project/financial_statement_presentation.shtml [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. IFRS. 2013. About us. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/The-organisation/Pages/IFRS-Foundation-and-the-IASB.aspx [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. KPMG. 2003. IAS compared with US GAAP and UK GAAP. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kpmg.co.uk/pubs/ias_comp_ukusgaap.pdf [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. KPMG. 2013. IFRS Practice Issues. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/IFRS-Practice-Issues/Documents/IFRS-practice-issues-IFRS10-transition.pdf [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. Leonard, B. 2010. Report and Recommendations Pursuant to Section 133 of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act Of 2008: Study on Mark-to-Market Accounting. DIANE Publishing. Moore Stephens. IFRS. 2009. [Online]. Available at: https://www.moorestephens.co.uk/IFRS.aspx [Accessed on: 14 October 2016]. World GAAP Info. 2008. UK FRS. [Online]. Available at: https://worldgaapinfo.com/uk.php [Accessed on: 14 October 2016].

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Master File, maintained by the US Social Security Administration (SSA), is a database of death records collected from a variety of sources used by the SSA to administer their programs. This includes death information collected from family members, funeral homes, financial institutions, postal authorities, States and other Federal agencies. The Social Security Death Master File is not a comprehensive record of all deaths in the United States- just a record of those deaths reported to the Social Security Administration. The SSA maintains two versions of the Death Master File (DMF): The  full file  contains all death records extracted from the SSA database, including death data received from the States, and is shared only with certain Federal and State agencies pursuant to section 205(r) of the Social Security Act.The  public file  (commonly referred to as the Social Security Death Index, or SSDI), as of 1 November 2011, does  not  include protected death records received from the States.   According to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), which disseminates the Death Master File, â€Å"Section 205(r) of the Act prohibits SSA from disclosing state death records SSA receives through its contracts with the states, except in limited circumstances.† This change removed approximately  4.2 million of the 89 million deaths at that time contained in the public Death Master File (Social Security Death Index), and approximately 1 million fewer deaths are now added each year.  At the same time, the Social Security Agency also stopped including the decedent’s residential state and Zip code in the public file (SSDI). Why the Changes to the Public Social Security Death Index? The 2011 changes to the Social Security Death Index began with a  Scripps Howard News Service investigation in July 2011, that complained about individuals using Social Security Numbers for deceased individuals found online to commit tax and credit fraud. Large genealogy services which offered access to the Social Security Death Index were targeted as helping to perpetuate the fraud related to use of social security numbers for deceased individuals. In November 2011, GenealogyBank removed social security numbers from their free U.S. Social Security Death Index database, after two customers complained their privacy was violated when the Social Security Administration falsely listed them as deceased. In December 2011, following a petition sent to the five largest genealogy services who provided online access to the SSDI, by  U.S. Senators  Sherrod Brown  (D-Ohio),  Richard Blumenthal  (D-Connecticut),  Bill Nelson  (D-Florida) and  Richard J. Durbin  (D-Illinois), A ncestry.com removed all access to the popular, free version of the SSDI that had been hosted on RootsWeb.com for over a decade. They also removed social security numbers for individuals who died within the past 10 years  from the SSDI database hosted behind their membership wall on Ancestry.com,  due to sensitivities around the information in this database. The Senators December 2011 petition urged companies to remove and no longer post on your website deceased individuals Social Security numbers because they believe that the benefits provided by making the Death Master File readily available online are greatly outweighed by the costs of disclosing such personal information, and that ...given the other information available on your website full names, birth dates, death dates   Social Security numbers provide little benefit to individuals undertaking to learn about their familial history.  While the letter conceded that posting the Social Security numbers is not illegal under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), it also went on to point out that legality and propriety are not the same thing. Unfortunately, these 2011 restrictions werent the end of the changes to public access to the Social Security Death Index. Pursuant to law passed in December 2013 (Section 203 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013), access to information contained in the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File (DMF) is now limited for a three year period beginning on the date of an individual’s death to authorized users and recipients who qualify for certification. Genealogists and other individuals can no longer request copies of social security applications (SS-5) for individuals who have died within the past three years under the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act. Recent deaths are also not included in the SSDI until three years after the date of death. Where You Can Still Access the Social Security Death Index Online

Technology Essays (1863 words) - Digital Media, Free Essays

Technology Essays (1863 words) - Digital Media, Free Essays The technology which surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, affects both work and leisure activities. Technology contains information that many would rather it did not have. It influences minds in good and bad ways, and it allows people to share information which they would otherwise not be able to attain. Even if a person does not own a computer or have credit cards, there is information on a computer somewhere about everyone. The technology which is just now beginning to be manipulated and harnessed is affecting the minds of small children and adolescents in ways that could be harmful. It is affecting our immediate future. It also gives another form of communication and exchange of information which was not available before, information that is both good and bad. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history, with profound implications which we can't even begin to see or understand. Many different elements affect how satisfied we are with our lives. The impact of technology on these elements can change how safe, healthy and happy people feel. Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to meet their needs and to satisfy their expectations. Technology has improved the way people feed, clothe and shelter themselves. Technology has also changed other aspects of everyday life, such as health care, education, job satisfaction, and leisure time activities. People have used technology since they first chipped stone blades to improve their hunting. Yet some people call the current age the "Technological Age" because of society's dependence on technology. For the first time in human history, almost all the goods and services people use d epend on technology. Almost everyone believes that technology has made life easier and more comfortable and that it has enabled us to perform tasks that we could not do otherwise. A list of the benefits of technology would be very long indeed. However, as with almost everything we human beings have created, technology has a downside. There is, we might say, a dark side to technology. For openers, technology does not necessarily make life simpler; rather, it tends to make life more complicated. Nowadays, for example, nearly every discussion of the "wonderful power of technology to enrich our lives" mentions the cell phone. Certainly, the instant communication brought about by the telephone has been a boon. It was originally a rather simple device that anyone could learn to use in a matter of minutes, and we soon began using phones to make and receive phone calls, usually about matters of some consequence. Recently, however, we have enabled these devices to perform a ridiculous number of irrelevant functions. One needs a thirty-page booklet to learn how to use them. Anyone who enters a phone store today seeking a phone that simply sends and receives phone calls is likely to be looked upon as a refugee from the Dark Ages or from another planet. Furthermore, we have millions of people walking about or driving their cars while talking on cell phones, usually discussin g matters of no importance whatsover. If an alien civilization were to tap into our phone lines, its inhabitants would think that everyone on our planet was insane, and they wouldn't be far from wrong. In a sane world, would almost all of its inhabitants carry complex, multifunction gadgets that are used primarily to engage in trivial chatter and use them in ways that are socially annoying and unsafe? Another example of the complexity of modern technology is the computer. Again, nobody can deny that computers have enabled us to share information, process data, and perform numerous other tasks with speed and ease that, as recently as a generation ago, we would have thought impossible. Computer technology has been advancing so rapidly that new applications are discovered faster than anyone can keep pace and that's a problem. Even the experts understand only a fraction of what these machines do (just ask an expert for help when a computer malfunctions). Although most users can and do master some of the basic operations, most computer owners cannot use many of the functions that are built into computer programs. Much

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, Essay

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, politics - Essay Example This classic of political science has retained its relevance down the five centuries it has survived to come down to us, and leaders of various reputes have been acquainted with it, and consciously or sub-consciously followed its principles. Modern leadership in the twentieth and twenty-first century are no exception, and examples of Machiavellian wisdom abound from Stalin and Hitler, to Ronald Reagan, Nixon and George Bush. One of the most striking pronouncements that Machiavelli made was absolutely revolutionary in terms of accepting facts as they are, and not what they ought to be or portrayed to be in traditional political philosophies. He claims to talk about what really goes on behind the corridors of power and what a political aspirant should basically learn in order to get to the top: Because how one ought to live is so far removed from how one lives that he who lets go of what is done for that which one ought to do sooner learns ruin than his own preservation: because a man who might want to make a show of goodness in all things necessarily comes to ruin among so many who are not good. Because of this it is necessary for a prince, wanting to maintain himself, to learn how to be able to be not good and to use this and not use it according to necessity.( Machiavelli, 1513) Joseph Stalin, a totalitarian leader was a self-confessed admirer of Machiavelli, and sought to maintain his supremacy through being "not good". He validated torture and oppression by plainly declaring that anyone who did not agree with him was in fact and "enemy of the state" and deserved to be punished as such: Stalin originated the concept "enemy of the people." This term automatically rendered it unnecessary that the ideological errors of a man or men engaged in a controversy be proven; this term made possible the usage of the most cruel repression, violating all norms of revolutionary legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations. ( Russian Institute-orgname, 1956) But on the other hand, Stalin brilliantly followed the other machiavellian concept of appearing to be very good, where Machiavelli strictly instructs a political aspirant to always appear totally benevolent, "A prince, therefore, must be very careful never to let anything slip from his lips which is not full of the five qualities mentioned above: he should appear, upon seeing and hearing him, to be all mercy, all faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion". Stalin really took care to create a myth around himself about being a caring humanitarian gentleman, despite actually being a merciless and manipulative despot: As brutal despots have learned throughout the centuries, and as Machiavelli counseled, Stalin could show himself to be a caring, even benevolent father figure. .....Even today, among some older Russians a strong nostalgia persists for "Uncle Joseph," a kindly, all-seeing, and all-caring man who never really existed but lives on that way in the myths that still surround him. (Dvoretsky, Fugate, 1997) Another devotee of Machiavelli was the infamous Hitler, the scourge of our modern times who deceived the Germans into believing their superiority as the

Perfect markets, do they exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perfect markets, do they exist - Essay Example Fundamentally speaking, the three salient market situations are monopoly, oligopoly and perfect competition. A monopoly is a market situation characterized by a single seller, similar products and many buyers. In a monopoly, the seller commands a major influence over the price of the product. An oligopoly is a market system that has few firms, homogeneous products and multiple buyers. In an oligopolistic market, the products usually have high investment costs that make the entry of new players in the market utterly difficult if not impossible. Contrary to a monopoly or an oligopoly, perfect market is a system defined by very different set of parameters. According to Lim Chong Yah, "Perfect competition is a market situation where there is a large number of buyers and sellers, a homogeneous product, free entry of products into the industry, perfect knowledge amongst buyers and sellers of existing market conditions and free mobility of factors of production among alternative uses (1981)." The question that often attracts the attention of the students of economics is that is perfect market a pragmatic and observable reality. A thorough catechism on the given line of query necessarily calls for a basic understanding as to what a perfect market is. The essential features of a perfect market are: 1. Perfect Rationality - All the participants including the buyers and the sellers tend to be perfectly rational and economic men. 2. Large Number but Small Size of Buyers and Sellers - In a perfect market, the number of buyers and sellers is very large. However, the potential of the respective buyers and sellers is so small that none of them has a discernable influence over the demand, supply and price of the commodity being sold. 3. Homogeneous Products - A perfect market is usually associated with homogeneous products so that the buyers have no reason as to prefer the product being sold by any particular seller. 4. Perfect Knowledge - In a perfect market, all the buyers and sellers have a perfect knowledge of the price of the product prevailing in the market at a given time. Therefore, in a perfect market there exists no uncertainty as to the price of the commodity being sold. 5. Free Entry and Exit of Firms - In a perfect market, there exist no social, financial or legal restrictions hampering the entry of a new firm in the market or the exit of any old firm from the market. 6. Free from Checks - A perfect market is free from checks in the sense that the buyers and the sellers are free from all types of restrictions governing the buying and selling of a commodity in the market. Such checks may include government restrictions and agreements between the buyers and the sellers regarding the quantity, price or the production of a commodity. 7. Perfect Mobility - One basic assumption associated with a perfect market i

About FedEx and UPS and who has better financial health Essay

About FedEx and UPS and who has better financial health - Essay Example Both companies have negligible difference in paying off their creditors in AP turnover. Liquidity is the ability of the company to cover its operation and its obligations. In this aspect UPS fared better in the previous two years compared to FedEx (1.70 to 1.60, 1.96 to 1.70) indicating the financial stability of the company. It is supported by a better financial position with a cash ratio that higher than its liability compared to FedEx (.62 to .39, .57 to .48). This better financial position reflects in UPS higher oeperatoing cash flow ratio compared to FedEx (1.09 to .83 in 2011) indicating its ability to cover its operation and short term debts with its available cash. Ultimately, a company will be valued by its shareholder by its profitability or ability to give returns to its investors. In this aspect, UPS clearly dominated FedEx in all aspects of profitability that includes ROA (Return on Asset), Return on Equity (ROE) and Margin before interest and tax. Of the two companies, UPS is conclusively in a better financial position than FedEx. It is only in the efficiency aspect that FedEx came near UPS in terms of its financial position. With regard to financial vitality and profitability as indicated by liquidity and profitablity ratios, UPS was clearly ahead of FedEx. Its ratio on profitability which is many times over FedEx indicates the company’s ability to profit and give return to its shareholders and is the ultimate indication that it is a better company compared to FedEx . Moreover, UPS profitability is grounded on solid fiscal discipline indicated by its liquidity that it can cover its obligations and supported by its operational efficiency to generate sales with a very competitive (comparable to FedEx) use of its resources thus making it a better company in terms of its financial

Study of Effect Rollings Process

Study of Effect Rollings Process 1.1 Introduction Aluminum composites are favored building material for car, aviation and Due to the elite demands, another sort of, supposed, innovative materials which are utilized as a part of air ship, rocket or car industry, for high voltage electrical links, need a decent mix of properties underling statics with elements stacking. One gathering of materialls thats could meeting suches necessities were metallizing composites witches comprise metallics lattice (metalling or combination) strengthened whist hairs or directional lying arranged strands auxiliary phases [1]. Presently days with the cutting edge improvement need of advancements of cutting edge building materials for different designing applications continues expanding. for meeting suches requests metal framework composite is one of solid source. Composite material is one of the solid answers for such requirement [2]. Those were an extraordinary improvement of one classes of composites with aluminum combination lattice best as knowing samespasmodically strengtmhened aluminum materials (DRA). These materials comprise of aluminum compound network fortified on artistic particales [1]. Through the course of analysts in late decades to discover contrasting options to customary building materials and supplant it consolidates light weight mechanical and physical details that empower these Material s work in various conditions with high proficiency has been the utilization of composite materials with a metal base and strengthened by various types of high mechanical particulars material materials .Aluminum framework composites for these highest quality to weighting proportion, minimal effort and highest wears resistance are broadly fabricated , utilized as a part of auxiliary applications alongside aviation and vehicle industry. Additionally a Straight forward and financially savvy strategy for assembling of the composites is exceptionally fundamental for extending those applications. Fortifications likes particulates alumina, silicon carbide, graphite, fly fiery debris and so on†¦ can without much of a stretch be joined in the dissolve utilizing shabby and broadly available[2]. A Composite material is shaped when at least two materials are consolidated on a naturally visible scale, So that the properties of composite are distinctive (typically better) from those of the individual constituents. Lattice is the materiales works to tie the fortifying material together with a specific end goal to make a composite material that can convey loads or stresses [3]. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) blends of pottery and metals (Primary Phase, for example, established carbides and different cermets that serves to Provides the mass type if parts on item made of the composite material, holding imbeddeds stage set up, generally encasing and regularly hiding it. At the point when a heap is connected, the lattice imparts the heap to the optional stage, now and again disfiguring so that the anxiety is basically conceived by the fortifying operator. While Reinforcings Phases (Secondaryes Phases) was the Functionfor fortify essential stage Imbeddeding stage is most generally one of the accompanying shapes, filaments, particles and Flakes [4]. Meaning of composite material, as indicated by Broutman and Krock, contained in publications [5] is as per the following: A composite material is shaped by a nearby blend of no less than two artificially and physically unmistakable materials which ought to stay isolated and particular while a decent and persistent interface between them is kept up; the strengthening segments in the entire volume of the lattice ought to be as uniform as could reasonably be expected. The vast majority of the Al-compounds utilized contain magnesium; this is on the grounds that lights, modest, financially practical possessesing great erosion resistances. utilization of TiC same a support offeres a highest softening points, to a great degree high hardness, is moderately reasonable and shows great wetting qualities by aluminum and its combinations [6] . The most critical prerequisite fluid metal to been drawing fired preform by capillaritys was wettings of the strongest substrates. fluid stage wets a strong when ÃŽ ¸b90 °. At the points where there is a decent wettings in a metal ceramic framework undeingr satisfactory states on temperatures. [6] Expansion highest modulus and high quality unmanageable molecule to the low malleable framework produces composite whose properties are in the middle of lattice and support. In this properties are enhanced by controlling the handling conditions, dispersion of support and relative sum, appropriate concoction organization, shape, estimate, etc.[7] Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are routinely manufactured utilizing diverse procedures, for example, powder metallurgy, press throwing, semi-strong mixing process. Mix throwing is thought to be best technique to get ready substantial amount of composites because of its preparing straightforwardness, adaptability and low cost [8]. Whats more, the optional procedure is metal shaping and which are an imperative assembling operation. It appreciates mechanical significance amongst variousing productions operationes because of its points of interest, for example, cost adequacy, improved mechanical properties, adaptable operations, higher profitability, significant material sparing. Materials were changed over into completed items however extraordinary assembling forms. Producing procedures were grouped into molding [casting], framing, joining, covering, partitioning, machining of altering materials property [9].Rollingwas one of forming process knew of fourteenth century. Leonardo da Vinci for moving golds ,silverwasplanned the main moving plants in 1480. By around 1600, lead and tin was icy moved by physically moving plants. In Europe, press bars were moved forsheets on eighteenth centuries. Afterward, the present day moving began from 1783 when England issued patent for utilizing notched moves to create the iron bars [10]. Forces and deformations during the hot. (Typically, recrystallization temperattures to materials range from 0.5 Tm to 0.8 Tm, when Tm was melting temperatture on materiales) and cold metal forming depend upon mechanical properties of processed materials, which in their turn depend upon the nature (chemical composition, structure) of metal as well as upon the deformation conditions (temperature, degree and rate of deformation)[11].And finally the relay process can be considered as composite materials have many features including: Prodect costs wasreduce. Composites may be made by a wide wide for prodection [12], Increment in yield quality , rigidity at room temperature or more while keeping up the base flexibility or rather sturdiness, Increases in crawl resistance at higher temperatures contrasted with for traditional compounds, increment in weakness quality, particularly at higher temperatures, Improvement warm stun resistance, Improvement erosion resistances ,Greater resistance to chemicals and weathering (not rust). Increases in Youngs moduelus, Redueses of warm elongationing. lighting weightes, performances at higherest temperattures, highest strengthen, lowest densities , betters wears [13]. While the Disadvantages the reinforcement of metals as: Composite was most breakthan wrought metals whats more, subsequently were all most effortlessly harmed. Thrown metals additionally have a tendency been weak, change of their mechanical properties and physical properties faster than traditional materials under different conditions, Age shorter than the age of traditional materials and itsthermal resistance is still low (despite the existence of studies of the existing experience in this regard, it is enough to say that the introduction the space shuttle is made of material composed, which bear the bulk of the resulting,chemicals harmful to the environment often cannot be remanufactured and hard to get rid of them[12]. 1-2 Aim of the Research: The main aim of this work lies on: 1- research aims to study effect rollings process to resist wears tear to using differents proportions of formingat differenes temperatures to reach the best values were obtained from which good mechanicall propertiess. 2- researches aims to producing composite materials using alumminum alloyed by vortex techniques disperse TiC particales in the lattice of alloyed containing 4.5 Mg. 3- research aim to study effects TiC contents sizes on micarostructure, densities, haradness weasr resistances of Al-Mg lattice compoisites were fabricated using casting method, below specific of Tic. In this study, it was important to have a fundamental understanding of mechanism effect of forming on wears Resistances of Al-Mg composites. 1-3 Objective of the Research Titanium carbide (TiC) powdering was picked as fortification due to its higher haradness (near jewel) than traditional routinely utilized support, for examples, SiC, Al2O3,†¦ and so forth. Composites of TiC particaulates in alumminum combinations have been effectively created by throwing methods. It has been exhibited that critical changes in firmness, quality, weariness break proliferation, crawl quality, wears resistances were accomplished as contrasted unreinforced aluminum compounds. Furthermore, they can likewise be molded by customary metals working procedures, for example, expulsion, producing, rolling or super plastic framing into complex auxiliary parts. Thus, theywere economical to create contrasted other metal grid composite frameworks. The comparative reports of used the Tic particles as the reinforced material are not available. This research area is still vacant and scope for work in this particular field. The made for TiC as a reinforcements offered a highest meltings points, was relative yes shows great wet qualities by aluminum and its combinations. AlMg/tic composite has the advantages be so lights metallic. And to study the effect of weight percentage of titanium carbide on mechanical behavior of aluminum metal matrix composite. 1-4 Thesis Layout This thesis includes in addition to the foreground and objective search for another six seasons, where Chapter II deals with the private theoretical side Special matrix aluminum- magnesium and Phase Diagram and its properties behavioral her addition to the overlapping materials and their properties The third chapter deals with the scientific research of mineral compounds and the effect of the minutes and specifications on the characteristics of behavioral article basically deals Chapter IV configuration process on the cold and their properties as well as the way the casting and The fifth chapter deals with the practical part of the way that sample preparation and tests related to research and Chapter VI deals with the results of tests that were made and discussed and the seventh and last chapter deals with the most important conclusions and recommendations.

MTV :: essays research papers

Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres. MTV :: essays research papers Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres.

Intrapersonal effectiveness

Definite aim, vision and repose are three attributes out of a long list that have been deemed â€Å"Qualities that make ordinary people extraordinary' Monsoon, M. C. And Hager, P , 2008). As a result, in this portfolio, I will conduct an indented analysis of my own interpersonal strengths and weaknesses in relation to those attributes that are likely to assist me in my perusal of success, and those attributes that are likely to assist me in my own career path as an investment banker.More specifically, I will be focusing on a reelection of my interpersonal effectiveness using the NEO ‘PIP measure of personality and associate these to my life experience. In conjunction to this, I also identify how I intend to build such attributes in regards to my career goals, which will be done in relation to the â€Å"SMART† criteria. 2. Interpersonal Effectiveness The definition of interpersonal effectiveness is given as ‘understanding yourself (and your goals, strengths, weakne sses, style and biases) and improving self-management skills, such as time management and stress management. (De Janis, Wood, Gotcha, Dodd & Schneider, 2006, p. 3). The detailed intricacies of interpersonal effectiveness will be cross examined through the use of the Big Five, a highly accurate hero based on the personality and performance of an individual. 2. 1 The Big Five An individuals personality can be defined as â€Å"the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life†, (Genera Cherry, 2014).Personality is commonly seen as being made up off number of attributes which can be defined as vast dimensions on which people vary, such as conscientiousness. Knowing which category we fit into in regards to major personality traits is likely to aid us in our pursuit to reach our personal and professional goals. Many contemporary personality psychologists beli eve that there are five basic dimensions of personality, often referred to as the â€Å"Big five† personality traits.The five broad personality traits described by the theory are extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neurotics, (Genera Cherry, 2014). It has been observed over time that certain personality traits can result in greater success in life on both a personal and professional level. In relation to investment banking, personality traits such as being resilient, charming and flexible have all been shown to align with 2. Analysis and reflection of results My personality test scores (see Table 1 below) show that I am high in extroversion and conscientiousness but low in Neurotics.This result labels me as an individual whose traits include characteristics such as excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness in the extroversion category, and high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse cont rol and goal- directed behaviors in the conscientiousness (Costa & McCrae, 1999). From both my personal and professional experience, I can see a strong connection between the rats of a extroversion and conscientiousness individual and myself.In the past I have been regarded as social and assertive (almost overpowering), but also a friend who is willing to help others solve their personal problems, all of which are characteristics of extroversion and conscientiousness. In terms of neurotics, I also feel as if the low score was an accurate scaling for me as I am a very positive young member of society who is blessed with the opportunities and success that life has presented me with so far. Table 1.NEO-PIP Results Dimension My score Neurotics 15/50 Extroversion 43/50 Openness to Experience 9/50 Agreeableness 27/50 Conscientiousness 35/50 that I do poses extroversion qualities which will help me in my pursuit to become a successful investment banker, but I also poses qualities such as c ompassion and thoughtfulness which might pull me back, (Sarah Butcher, 2013). Investment banking can be a cut throat industry where your personal decisions can determine the future of hundreds of peoples Jobs. If I let my conscientious traits get in the way of the bigger picture, I might not be able to perform at the top of the league.Although it might be perceived as a negative attribute, it is possible that to be successful in my reflections career, I need to learn to be less compassionate and let situations take on there natural course without trying to fix them myself. I plan on doing this by goal setting using the SMART criteria, and Kola's experiential learning theory. 2. 3 Goal setting My personal goal is to improve on the core elements of the trait â€Å"conscientiousness†, but rather than trying to increase my depth in this field, I intend to decrease my score on the NEO ‘PIP test over a period of twelve months.By doing so I will score low in all traits except Extroversion, which is where I need to be to excel and match the resonantly of a successful investment banker. By using SMART goals and experiential learning theory (Kola, 1984), I believe that I can set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timely goal of decreasing my conscientiousness to a score of below 25 on the NEO ‘PIP test. I aim on doing this by actively implementing a reflective learning method that will decrease amounts of sympathy, compassion and the need to solve issues that don't directly affect me.I will implement this plan using Kola's experiential learning theory (Salesman, C. K. , & Rider, E. A. (2008). This involves; 1. Understanding the importance f emotional intelligence in all aspects of life. 1. 1 . Self-awareness: Understanding and mastering my own emotions and being aware of their origins. 1. 2. Self- management: knowing my boundaries, only get involved in situations that will directly affect my personal and professional performance. 1. 3. Soc ial awareness: Becoming familiar with recognizing hierarchy within groups and knowing when to take control of a situation. . 4. Relationship management: Learning the ability to become unanimously liked by social groups, manage conflict, inspire and influence people to communicate clearly. 2. Join a real work group in a study area with a clear performance goal. 3. Incorporating communication strategies in the first group meeting, including 3. 1 Not blindly rejecting opinions or options that seem weak or lack creativity. 3. 2 Not forcing my ideas onto others, use â€Å"l suggest† or â€Å"l propose†. 4.Examining my behavior and performance by creating a reflective Journal at the end of each meeting, and seek constructive criticism to enhance my learning procedure and gain a higher understanding of the impression I leave behind. 5. Reflecting on my overall performance of the process and repeating all steps in a second work rope if necessary. Throughout this portfolio, I h ave reflected on my interpersonal attributes, and have set specific SMART goals to solve the primary imperfection identified (higher levels of conscientiousness than needed for an investment banker).First, I assessed my interpersonal effectiveness through the use of the Big Five model of personality. Second, I evaluated the likely implications of these attribute scores for both my personal and my professional success. Third, I identified one detailed SMART goal, which focused on decreasing my empathy, compassion and need to resolve issues hat don't directly affect me, and provided a detailed outline to show how I intend to meet this goal.In conclusion, I believe that although decreasing my conscientiousness might mean that I come across as a slightly less caring person, in the long run it will help me achieve my professional goal of becoming a successful investment banker.

Gendering Childhood Essay

Toy stores are places where the gender of different children is being shaped – be it femininity, masculinity or gender-neutrality – according to the current ideas of society and culture about gender. It is therefore evident that toy stores are actually catalysts to the ongoing ideas about a certain kind of gender. In terms of gender-neutral toys, toy stores can be seen as a channel for interaction or equality between the sexes, although this is only seen some of the toys intended for toddlers and teens, and the toys that are digital/computer-based such as educational toys and consoles. In most toy stores, there are clear divisions and may even be separated and placed on opposite ends of the store. There are also sections where it is not clear whether or not the intention is for either gender. The toy stores are also divided depending on the age of those who are going to buy them. Usually, the age is progressive as one goes deeper into the store from the most simple of dolls and balls for one-year olds to the complex digital, computerized toys that can span from the age of seven and up. Looking at the store itself, the general theme of a certain section can actually point to whether or not the section is intended for boys, girls or neither gender. It is seen in many ways including the color scheme of the section, the featured toys and, sometimes, even the salespersons manning the section. However, the toy stores aren’t explicit in their customers in terms of labeling a section either for boys or for girls. Most of the signs in the sections are only implicit in the themes that they take. Gender neutral sections are often filled with toys that are educational and electronic gadgets. Also, gender neutral sections often have neutral colors such as white and silver as opposed to the gendered colors of pink and blue. They are also often seen in the middle of the gendered section. In terms of packaging, some of the toys are explicit in their intended customers by showing either boys or girls playing with the toys they are selling printed on the boxes. Gender neutral toys are often printed with both a girl and a boy on the cover, cooperating or looking very intrigued as they play or tinker with the toys. Other gender-neutral toys have neither child involved but only a feature of the product without any action that denotes the culture’s (in this case, America’s) notion of femininity or masculinity. The colors are neutral – often just a white background – and does not feature any actions that could be seen as either soft (feminine) or hard (masculine). A gendered toy’s packaging, on the other hand, has an implicit message conveyed on the box. Action, competition, adrenaline, and the macho effect are often portrayed in the boxes of boys’ toys in the boys’ section. On the girls’ section, flowers, happy homes, cute and sexy themes seem to dominate the shelves; often, older themes of make-up and fashion are being made as toys, as if pushing for girls to be women at a younger age. Going further into the connection of age and gendered toys, there seems to be a pattern concerning gendering them with respect to age. This is not to say, however, that other toys that don’t fall into these two categories are not gender neutral. There are also toys, most belonging to sports, which are gender-neutral. Toddlers usually have gender neutral toys intended for two things. The first involves amusement in the form of dolls and other soft items that they can chew on, throw, fall on and hit without causing them any harm or danger. Some of these toys may be gendered but many of them are not. The second is to educate them. These educational toys are completely gender-neutral as toy-makers consider the minds of either sex of the children as capable of processing basic information that they should learn, such as knowing what a cow is and what sounds they make. And since toys are not exactly limited to children, some toys that can have adults as audiences as well, such as game consoles and sports-oriented toys, are gender-neutral and are only gendered when it comes to the accessories and other things that they append to these toys. Some examples include the game cartridges. Because of gendering of the majority of toys in the formative years of the child, the idea of femininity and masculinity are instilled in society in an ongoing cycle. The current society’s ideal of masculinity are seen instilled in children in the early stages, dictating and instilling ideas on how girls and boys should be and how they should grow up to be. This forces them to conform to society’s current ideas of them aside from possible biological and other external influences that dictate children from their earliest years. Although gender preference may change in the later years, the influence of toys given to children – even if it is â€Å"feminine† toys given to boys – is a factor in how these children grow up to be.

Free Essays on Methadone

Methadone-A Treatment? Methadone is a synthetic opiate. It was first synthesized by a German chemist during World War II and used as an analgesic. Methadone produces almost identical effects of that of morphine, but chemically they are very different. Methadone is used as a detoxification treatment for heroin addicts. It is also used to manage pain in cancer patients. Methadone belongs in the drug family opiates. It is grouped with such drugs as opium, morphine, codeine, and heroin. Opiates date back more than 3,000 years. Papyrus of Thebes, one of our earliest written records, gave instructions for the use of opium in the treatment of pain. (Hutchings, 1992) Opiates come from the milky juice of the poppy plant, in fact, the word opium comes from the Greek word for vegetable juice. Traces of poppy juice being used to alleviate pain can be found back to the third century B.C. By the 16th century though, the medicinal uses of opium were widely known across Europe. It was even written in 1680 â€Å"Among the remedies which it has pleased almighty God to give to man to relieve his suffering, none so universal and so efficacious as opium.† (Hutchings, 1992) During the 1800’s opium was so readily available it could even be purchased at the local grocery stores. Due to death rates increasing due to opium use, and rising drug-related crime rates, restrictions were implemented on the sale and use of opium in England in 1868. During the 19th century the United States caught on and they started importing opium for use as an aspirin. Physicians openly distribute the drug. You could also purchase opium in the grocery store, general, pharmacies, and even mail order. Many over-the-counter medicines, from teething medicines, to painkillers, could be purchased that contained opium. During the mid to late 19th century opium was very common. Opium dens, places where people would go, usually locat... Free Essays on Methadone Free Essays on Methadone Methadone-A Treatment? Methadone is a synthetic opiate. It was first synthesized by a German chemist during World War II and used as an analgesic. Methadone produces almost identical effects of that of morphine, but chemically they are very different. Methadone is used as a detoxification treatment for heroin addicts. It is also used to manage pain in cancer patients. Methadone belongs in the drug family opiates. It is grouped with such drugs as opium, morphine, codeine, and heroin. Opiates date back more than 3,000 years. Papyrus of Thebes, one of our earliest written records, gave instructions for the use of opium in the treatment of pain. (Hutchings, 1992) Opiates come from the milky juice of the poppy plant, in fact, the word opium comes from the Greek word for vegetable juice. Traces of poppy juice being used to alleviate pain can be found back to the third century B.C. By the 16th century though, the medicinal uses of opium were widely known across Europe. It was even written in 1680 â€Å"Among the remedies which it has pleased almighty God to give to man to relieve his suffering, none so universal and so efficacious as opium.† (Hutchings, 1992) During the 1800’s opium was so readily available it could even be purchased at the local grocery stores. Due to death rates increasing due to opium use, and rising drug-related crime rates, restrictions were implemented on the sale and use of opium in England in 1868. During the 19th century the United States caught on and they started importing opium for use as an aspirin. Physicians openly distribute the drug. You could also purchase opium in the grocery store, general, pharmacies, and even mail order. Many over-the-counter medicines, from teething medicines, to painkillers, could be purchased that contained opium. During the mid to late 19th century opium was very common. Opium dens, places where people would go, usually locat...

Immunizations are safe for children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immunizations are safe for children - Essay Example Going by the first definition of safety, there is no immunization that is safe. According to Baggs, Gee, Lewis et al. (2011), in vaccines are generally safe and effective even though they may be associated with rare and long term adverse effects. Apart from these potential long term effects, a majority of them cause pain, tenderness or even redness during injection. For instant the pertussis (or whooping cough) vaccine can cause persistent, inconsolable crying, high fever or seizures connected to fever. Though some of these side effects can be severe, they are not permanent (Offit 2013). In real sense, no activity in this world is 100 percent safe, and most of the things considered safe do possess hidden danger. For instance in the United States, 350 people die from shower or bathroom related accidents, 200 people get killed due to food getting stuck in the wind pipe and 100 people die due to lightening strikes every year (Offit 2013). Despite these risks, very few people consider taking a bath, eating food or walking outside in the rain as dangerous activities (Offit 2013). The other definition of safety is hinged upon preserving from real danger. Going by this definition, the danger (infection or disease) is leads to a graver consequence as compared to the protective measure (vaccine) against the danger. In other words, the benefits of having an immunization are clearly greater than the risks of not having one (Offit 2013). Baggs, Gee, Lewis et al. (2011) note that the safety of vaccines is assured by the rigorous assessments they are subjected to during their pre -licensing clinical trials. To better examine the safety of immunization for children, benefits of immunization must be looked into. One of the best ways to protect children is through immunization as this has the ability to protect their lives against ailments that are associated

Air pollution of fracking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Air pollution of fracking - Essay Example In this essay, we shall discuss the documentary and the changes that have occurred since its production in 2010. ‘Gasland’ is an American documentary film produced in 2010 by Josh Fox to educate and enlighten communities in the United States of America on the impact of natural gas drilling especially horizontal drilling otherwise known as fracking. Fox starts the movie with narrating how he received a letter in May 2008 requesting him to lease his family land in Pennsylvania for $ 100, 000 to drill for gas, a claim that Energy In Depth later refuted arguing that it did not offer anyone money to lease his land for drilling gas. Fox goes to the west where the process of mining natural gas through fracking has been for the last 10 years. He engaged and stayed with the residents as they narrated their stories and experiences of natural gas drilling in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and Texas among other several states, he talked with residents of those areas who had developed chron ic ailments that can be directly traced to contaminated air quality and pollution of water wells and surface. Fox goes ahead to show how some of the residents who have been affected by the negative effects of pollution from fracking have obtained court injunctions and settlements in terms of money from the gas mining companies in order to replace the water supplies that have been affected with safe drinking water or portable water purification kits. In his documentary, Josh Fox tries to reach out to the scientists, politicians and executives and all stakeholders in the gas mining industry. In addition to congress sub-committee, which was tasked with discussing the ‘fracking responsibility and awareness of chemicals act’, which was intended to amend the ‘safe drinking water act’ to repeal the exemption of hydraulic fracturing from safe drinking water act. Since 2010, a lot of changes have happened in the gas mining industry with relation to the process of mi ning that uses hydraulic fracturing. despite the concerns that have been raised over the pollution levels of the process, the number of gas wells that are being sunk have been constantly increasing with estimations putting that there are at least 35 wells that are being drilled daily for the last one decade. This has been largely contributed by the federal government’s laxity to enact federal laws that regulate the use of hydraulic fracturing in mining gas. In 2012, more than 30 million cubic feet of natural gas were drilled, which signified about 25 per cent, increase since the year 2006 (Anonymous, 13). Most of the proponents of the process have argued that the process of hydraulic fracturing could help the country become energy independent by the year 2020 and supply the country with relatively cheap and clean energy for the next 90 years. In addition, the states that have been using hydraulic fracturing to mine natural gas have been able to create recession resistant econ omies that have withered the economic storm that had swept the country in the last 5 years. However, despite these benefits, people living within the areas that these mining companies operate have always complained about the noise and air pollution that include odours that comes from these companies. The environmental protection agency study in 2011, which tested water and air in Wyoming where